200 research outputs found

    Test of multiple sensor set-up for head motion characterization during MRI acquisition

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    L'Imaging a Risonanza Magnetica (MRI) è una tecnica di imaging ampiamente utilizzata in ambito medico. La ricerca in questo campo si sta focalizzando sullo sviluppo di scanner a campi molto intensi, come lo scanner a 7 T utilizzato in questa tesi. La risoluzione delle immagini e l'entità degli artefatti creati dai movimenti involontari del paziente sono proporzionali all'intensità di campo magnetico e diventano rilevanti ad intensità molto elevate. Le tecniche di Motion Correction, nota la cinetica dei movimenti, permettono di correggere queste distorsioni. La tesi è inserita in un progetto che ha come scopo la misura indiretta dei movimenti della testa durante la scansione MRI. In particolare, mi sono concentrata sui miglioramenti da apportare al set-up e sulla caratterizzazione dei tre strumenti usati per la misura: la telecamera di campo magnetico (Clip on Camera Head, CCH) formata da 16 sonde fissate in una struttura cilindrica posizionata attorno alla testa del paziente; la telecamera ottica (Moiré Phase Tracking System, MPT) che misura i movimenti tramite l'immagine di un marker olografico supportato da un bite tenuto nella bocca del volontario; il dispositivo (Physlog) dello scanner che fornisce i parametri fisiologici (respirazione e battito cardiaco). La comunicazione hardware degli strumenti avviene grazie a un segnale di trigger, di cui ho ottimizzato la sincronizzazione. Inoltre, abbiamo acquisito dataset completi di tre volontari, a diverse condizioni. I dati sono stati sincronizzati e analizzati, tramite analisi multivariate, per caratterizzare la risposta e la stabilità del sistema e la variabilità individuale dei pazienti. L'analisi ha permesso di capire meglio le proprietà dello strumento e ha consentito di associare le misure del campo magnetico al di fuori del cranio ai valori fisiologici dei volontari

    Capital Structure and Regulation: Does Ownership Matter?

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    We construct a comprehensive panel data of 96 publicly traded European utilities over the period 1994-2005 in order to study the relationship between the capital structure of regulated firms, regulated prices, and investments, and examine if and how this interaction is affected by ownership structure. We show that firms in our sample increase their leverage after becoming regulated by an independent regulatory agency, but only if they are privately controlled. Moreover, we find that the leverage of these firms has a positive and significant effect on regulated prices, but not vice versa, and it also has a positive and significant effect on their investment levels. Our results are consistent with the theory that privately-controlled firms use leverage strategically to shield themselves against regulatory opportunism.Regulated Utilities, Regulatory Agencies, Capital Structure, Leverage, Investment, Private and State Ownership

    Comparison of different pollen substitutes for the feeding of laboratory reared bumble bee (bombus terrestris) colonies

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    In bumble bee colonies, pollen is the only protein source for larval feeding and its shortage causes a distress in larval development. Adult bumble bees need pollen for the development of glands and the reproductive system. In bumble bee rearing, honey bee collected pollen is used as the main protein source, either as fresh-frozen or dried pellets, and pollen provisioning is the most problematic and expensive aspect of mass rearing. In honey bee breeding, pollen substitutes are used during the period of food shortage or to stimulate colony strength. We tested different protein diets (five commercial pollen substitutes and two natural protein sources) for the maintenance of bumble bee colonies in captivity. We further mixed Feedbee®, one of the substitutes that gave the best results, with different amounts of pollen to evaluate the optimal amount needed for the whole colony development. Although none of the pure protein diets alone were adequate, diets with a 1 to 1 and 1 to 3 ratio of Feedbee to pollen were both suitable for colony development and queen production. The colony consumed between 2 and 4 g per day of the Feedbee mixed diets, corresponding to a protein consumption of 0.75-0.85 g day-1. Nevertheless, the consumption rate of the pure pollen showed that a mean amount of protein between 0.4 and 0.5 g day-1 was enough to allow colony development indicating the suitability of Feedbee mixed diets.Fil: Bortolotti, Laura. Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Pošćić, Filip. Institute For Adriatic Crops And Karst Reclamation; CroaciaFil: Bogo, Gherardo. Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

    La ricomposizione del rudere: un centro polifunzionale per Villa Sampieri - Talon di Casalecchio di Reno

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    Il tema progettuale propone un intervento teso alla ricomposizione del rudere di Villa Sampieri - Talon, che ora si erge abbandonata tra la vegetazione nel Parco della Chiusa di Casalecchio di Reno (BO). Nel lavoro di ricerca presentato, l’aspetto primario è stato individuato nella relazione con l’antico, che fornisce le linee guida progettuali per l’intervento compositivo, posto come un innesto teso a restituire la configurazione di una villa atipica nel panorama storico, governata dalle innovazioni e dalle capacità illusionistiche dei fratelli Bibiena. Data la particolare natura dell’intervento non si può prescindere da quelli che sono i dettami del restauro: leggibilità e reversibilità, che vengono posti alla base della progettazione. Il volume delineato si pone dunque come il riempimento della lacuna in una trasposizione materica del rigatino brandiano, mediante una pelle esterna di listelli orizzontali continua su tutta la superficie, capace di enfatizzare la forza compositiva dell’esistente e di regolare i fattori di luce e privacy necessari. All’interno trovano posto un centro intergenerazionale e un polo espositivo. In particolare la ricerca condotta analizza gli anziani, i loro bisogni, i centri diurni e la relazione con i bambini, ritenuta altamente proficua per entrambe le generazioni

    Effect of a topical treatment with juvenile hormone analogues on dominance, ovarian development and corpora allata size in Bombus terrestris workers

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    Juvenile hormone analogues (JHAs) are insecticides that mimic the effect of juvenile hormone (JH), one of the main regulatory hormones in insects. Negative effects of JHAs on preimaginal stages are well known, while little is known of their effects on adults. In this study we assessed the effect of three JHAs on newly emerged workers of Bombus terrestris L. kept in queenless groups. Reproductive dominance status, oocyte length and corpora allata volume were assessed 4 and 7 days after treatment. Contrary to expectations, none of the treatments had a significant stimulating effect on ovarian development in reproductive dominant workers. Conversely, most treatments caused a significant reduction in oocyte size and in corpora allata volumes of seven-day-old reproductive subordinates, indicating a feedback loop of exogenous JHAs on these glands. The study suggests that besides JH, multiple factors influence worker ovarian activity, which makes it difficult to predict the effect of the insecticides in wild colonies.Fil: Bortolotti, Laura. Consiglio Per la Ricerca In Agricoltura E L' Analisi del L' Economía Agraria. Centro de Ricerca Per Le Produzioni Foraggere E Lattier-casearie; ItaliaFil: Bogo, Gherardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Poscic, Filip. Institute For Adriatic Crops And Karst Reclamation; CroaciaFil: Duchateau, Marie José. University of Utrecht; Países Bajo

    Wild bees in Southern Italy: impact of landscape management

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    ItGli impollinatori sono essenziali per il mantenimento degli ecosistemi, e i tre quarti delle principali colture alimentari del mondo necessitano dell'impollinazione animale per la produzione di frutti e semi. Negli ultimi decenni però stiamo assistendo ad un costante declino di questi importantissimi insetti in tutto il mondo, con un conseguente deficit nella produzione agricola. Se da un lato l'agricoltura è strettamente legata agli impollinatori, dall'altro è una delle cause del loro declino. Per questo motivo, in Italia, è nato il progetto "BeeNet", con lo scopo di valutare lo stato di salute degli ecosistemi agricoli italiani attraverso il monitoraggio delle api da miele e delle api selvatiche. In questo studio vengono presentati i dati del primo anno del progetto, 2021, sulle api selvatiche in due regioni meridionali (Campania e Puglia), comparando due ecosistemi agricoli diversi: uno intensivo e l'altro semi-naturale. Una volta al mese, da febbraio a ottobre, in entrambe le regioni ed entrambi gli ecosistemi, abbiamo campionato le api mediante un transetto (200 × 2 metri) percorso alla mattina e al pomeriggio. Inoltre, nelle stesse giornate abbiamo registrato tutte le specie botaniche mellifere presenti sul transetto. Le differenze riscontrate tra i due tipi di ecosistema indicano che l'agro-ecosistema intensivo ha in generale una biodiversità più bassa e una comunità di api più spostata verso specie generaliste. Questo risultato indica che l'uso di pratiche agricole più impattanti e l'omogeneità dell'ambiente influenzano fortemente, e negativamente, questi insetti e le piante spontanee di cui hanno bisogno per sopravvivere. Tuttavia, le differenze tra le ricchezze di specie e le abbondanze di specie tra i due tipi di ecosistema non sono risultate significative, e una possibile ragione di ciò potrebbe risiedere nell'irrigazione degli ecosistemi intensivi, che forse ha ridotto le differenze. È necessario quindi, in questi ambienti, attuare misure per la tutela degli impollinatori come richiesto dalla Comunità Europea, attraverso strategie mirate come ad esempio la nuova PAC 2023-2027.EnIn 2021, in two southern Italian regions (Campania and Puglia) we compared the biodiversity of both Apoidea and plants between intensive and semi-natural agro-ecosystems, aiming to evaluate the impacts of the agro-environment and agricultural practices on wild bees and spontaneous plant communities in southern Italy. Monthly, from February to October, we performed bee samplings (200 × 2 metres fixed transects) and botanical surveys in each site and region. We found no statistical differences between the two environments, probably because the two intensive agro-ecosystems were irrigated that year. However, the semi-natural agro-ecosystem was characterised by a higher biodiversity (bees and plants) and a higher rate of specialised bee species than the intensive agro-ecosystem, indicating that biodiversity benefits of agro-ecological practices and a more heterogeneous landscape

    Invasion patterns of Vespa velutina nigrithorax in Southern Europe: a genetic perspective

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    Vespa velutina was seen for the first time in Europe in 2004, in pots imported from China into France. Since then, the population rapidly build up and expanded within France and, in 2010, started spreading across other countries, giving rise to one of the most phenomenal insect invasions ever seen in the European continent. Early studies suggested that the invasion originated from a single multi-mated queen introduced from China. However, little was known, until this study, about the genetics underlying the expansion towards south and east of the introduction point in France. Our aim was to further understand V. velutina invasion in Europe by surveying the Iberian and Italian peninsulas using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Our results show that the French population was the source of the colonies expanding in Spain, Portugal and Italy, therefore leading to rejection of the hypothesis of multiple introductions from the native habitats. While Spain and Italy were invaded by leading-edge expansions from the French core population, in Portugal this invasion started from a long-distance jump. Both types of expansion were accompanied by a significant reduction in the population genetic diversity, with Portugal presenting the highest loss values (Ar = 17.4%; uHe = 42.3%) than Spain (Ar = 9.0%; uHe = 20.6%) or Italy (Ar = 16.3%; uHe = 26.8%). Population structure results and signatures of differentiation show that a secondary contact occurred between the front derived from the primary propagule introduced in France and the front derived from the secondary propagule introduced in Portugal. First-generation migrants were detected in Iberia and Italy, suggesting that a continuous gene flow is bringing in new alleles in the three invaded countries. This effect is more prominent in Portugal, as it is reflected by a 20.3% increase in allelic richness. Overall, this study provides new insights into the invasion genetics of the honey bee predator V. velutina in Europe, which can help developing strategies to manage this major threat to beekeeping.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Patterns of vespa velutina invasion in western Iberia and Italy as revealed by molecular markers

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    The Yellow-legged or Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) was naturally distributed in Southeast Asia. However, in 2004, it was accidently introduced in France from China and in the last decade it spread rapidly through the French territory and to other European countries. In the Iberian Peninsula it was reported for the first time in Spain, in 2010, and in Portugal, in 2011. Using a population genetics framework, the goal of this study was to test the genetic patterns of colonization of this invasive honey bee predator in the Atlantic side of Iberia and in Italy. A total of 246 individuals, each representing a single colony, were collected across the invaded area in Portugal (190), Spain (45) and Italy (11). Additionally, a dataset containing samples from France, Vietnam, South Korea, Indonesia and two provinces of China provided by Arca et al. (2015) was used as a reference for testing hypothesis about origin of the invasion. The genetic variability was assessed using 16 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase. Population structure was inferred using the Bayesian approach STRUCTURE and diversity was estimated using GenAlex 6.5. Our results show that genetic diversity is low in Portugal, as expected from a founder effect originating from the French population. The Spanish population shows a higher genetic diversity and our data suggest that this is due to independent invasions originating from two range expansions: one from France and another from Portugal. The molecular data obtained for the Italian sample show diversity levels similar to those of Spain and supports introduction by range expansion from France. The mtDNA analysis revealed the presence of a single haplotype in Iberia and Italy, which has been also reported for France and UK. These results are in accordance with other European studies, further supporting an entrance of a small number of propagules or even of a single multi-mated queen in Europe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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